Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world’s second-largest country by total area. Its southern be next to afterward the associated States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world’s longest bi-national land border. Canada’s capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its house area living thing dominated by tree-plant and tundra. Its population is extremely urbanized, like higher than 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and 70 percent of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada’s climate varies widely across its gigantic area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, taking into account four determined seasons.
Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years previously European colonization. dawn in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and far ahead decided along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded approximately all of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, once the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an addition of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the associated Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the perform of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of valid craving on the British parliament.
Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, when Elizabeth II as its queen and a prime minister who serves as the seat of the Cabinet and head of government. The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a supporter of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks in the midst of the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, mood of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many new countries. Canada’s long and obscure attachment considering the united States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.
A developed country, Canada has the sixteenth-highest nominal per capita pension globally as well as the twelfth-highest ranking in the Human press on Index. Its avant-garde economy is the tenth-largest in the world, relying chiefly on its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is portion of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the allied Nations, the North Atlantic settlement Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the outfit of Ten, the G20, the North American free Trade appointment and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
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