Europe is a continent located very in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost portion of Eurasia.
Europe is most commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term “continent” implies monster geography, the house attach is somewhat arbitrary and has been redefined several mature past its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which rework on a spectrum rather than in the same way as a bright dividing line. The geographic border in the middle of Europe and Asia does not follow any state boundaries: Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan are transcontinental countries. France, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain and united Kingdom are as a consequence transcontinental in that the main portion is in Europe even though pockets of their territory are located in new continents.
Europe covers roughly 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of house area). Politically, Europe is on bad terms into approximately fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a sum population of roughly 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2016. The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers on much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. additional from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast.
Europe, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the subsequent Migration epoch marked the stop of ancient records and the beginning of the center Ages. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art and science led to the avant-garde era. in the past the Age of Discovery started by Portugal and Spain, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. in the company of the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at various times the Americas, with reference to all of Africa and Oceania and the majority of Asia.
The Age of Enlightenment, the subsequent French mayhem and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in good Britain at the stop of the 18th century, gave rise to open-minded economic, cultural and social change in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars took area for the most share in Europe, contributing to a terminate in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet grip and the associated States took prominence. During the cold War, Europe was on bad terms along the Iron Curtain in the middle of NATO in the West and the Warsaw agreement in the East, until the revolutions of 1989 and drop of the Berlin Wall.
In 1949 the Council of Europe was founded, next a speech by Sir Winston Churchill, similar to the idea of unifying Europe to reach common goals. It includes all European states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. other European integration by some states led to the formation of the European sticking together (EU), a surgically remove political entity that lies amid a confederation and a federation. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the drop of the Soviet sticking together in 1991. The currency of most countries of the European Union, the euro, is the most commonly used in the course of Europeans; and the EU’s Schengen area abolishes affix and immigration controls among most of its aficionado states.
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