Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory as a consequence includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the single-handedly European country to have a subconscious connect bearing in mind an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are afterward allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary later than Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas total Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula approaching 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along once ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came below Roman believe to be around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician proclaim Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and acknowledged relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join together all surviving independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was later documented as Hispania.
In the upfront eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to announce most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection unaided a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting taking place to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering epoch across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. later than the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the fore unbiased period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were as well as many advancements in the arts, subsequent to world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish speculative work, Don Quixote, was moreover published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World descent Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, next King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, next the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a fanatic of the associated Nations (UN), the European union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the paperwork of Ibero-American States (OEI), the linkage for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic settlement paperwork (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and proceed (OECD), organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade organization (WTO) and many other international organisations. while not an official member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto supporter of the group.
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