Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the lonesome European country to have a bodily be close to in the same way as an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are along with part of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little house boundary behind Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; additional major urban areas total Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in relation to 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along subsequently ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came below Roman deem on the subject of 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician say Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join all enduring independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the prematurely eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to find most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving isolated a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting taking place to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering become old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the instigation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to direction the invasion. next the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the into the future avant-garde period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken indigenous language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were along with many advancements in the arts, subsequent to world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish intellectual work, Don Quixote, was afterward published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World parentage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, later than King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capability parity. It is a fanatic of the joined Nations (UN), the European bond (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the management of Ibero-American States (OEI), the sticking together for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic pact government (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and progress (OECD), organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade organization (WTO) and many extra international organisations. while not an ascribed member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto devotee of the group.
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