Europe is a continent located completely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Asia to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost share of Eurasia.
Europe is most commonly considered to be estranged from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term “continent” implies being geography, the house be close to is somewhat arbitrary and has been redefined several become old past its first conception in classical antiquity. The disaffection of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary upon a spectrum rather than taking into account a brilliant dividing line. The geographic link up amongst Europe and Asia does not follow any give access boundaries: Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Kazakhstan are transcontinental countries. France, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain and allied Kingdom are along with transcontinental in that the main allocation is in Europe while pockets of their territory are located in further continents.
Europe covers very nearly 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), or 2% of the Earth’s surface (6.8% of house area). Politically, Europe is estranged into approximately fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a sum population of nearly 741 million (about 11% of the world population) as of 2016. The European climate is largely affected by warm Atlantic currents that temper winters and summers upon much of the continent, even at latitudes along which the climate in Asia and North America is severe. new from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast.
Europe, in particular ancient Greece and ancient Rome, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and the subsequent Migration grow old marked the stop of ancient archives and the dawn of the center Ages. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art and science led to the innovative era. before the Age of Discovery started by Portugal and Spain, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at various get older the Americas, approaching every of Africa and Oceania and the majority of Asia.
The Age of Enlightenment, the subsequent French disorder and the Napoleonic Wars shaped the continent culturally, politically and economically from the end of the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution, which began in great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to militant economic, cultural and social alter in Western Europe and eventually the wider world. Both world wars took area for the most share in Europe, contributing to a decline in Western European dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the Soviet linkage and the allied States took prominence. During the cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the West and the Warsaw harmony in the East, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall.
In 1949 the Council of Europe was founded, later than a speech by Sir Winston Churchill, behind the idea of unifying Europe to reach common goals. It includes all European states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. other European integration by some states led to the formation of the European devotion (EU), a remove diplomatic entity that lies in the midst of a confederation and a federation. The EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward previously the drop of the Soviet devotion in 1991. The currency of most countries of the European Union, the euro, is the most commonly used among Europeans; and the EU’s Schengen area abolishes attach and immigration controls in the course of most of its advocate states.
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