Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory along with includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the single-handedly European country to have a beast border afterward an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are moreover ration of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little house boundary next Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; extra major urban areas add together Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula approximately 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along past ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman decide going on for 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based upon the earlier Phoenician proclaim Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and usual relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly unite all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was subsequently documented as Hispania.
In the in advance eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to find most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection lonesome a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting stirring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering epoch across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to point the invasion. like the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the before advanced period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were along with many advancements in the arts, subsequent to world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish researcher work, Don Quixote, was as a consequence published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World parentage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, similar to King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high pension country, in the same way as the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a zealot of the allied Nations (UN), the European union (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the meting out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic agreement management (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and expansion (OECD), handing out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade direction (WTO) and many supplementary international organisations. though not an official member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto aficionada of the group.
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