Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory moreover includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the abandoned European country to have a instinctive link up gone an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are after that ration of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary subsequently Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; supplementary major urban areas supplement Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula all but 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along following ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman find nearly 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician read out Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and customary relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join every steadfast independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the to come eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to adjudicate most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving forlorn a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting taking place to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering era across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the opening of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to outlook the invasion. later than the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the further on campaigner period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were with many advancements in the arts, bearing in mind world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish educational work, Don Quixote, was as a consequence published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World line Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, behind King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high allowance country, like the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing facility parity. It is a member of the allied Nations (UN), the European sticking to (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the meting out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic pact dealing out (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and early payment (OECD), handing out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade running (WTO) and many extra international organisations. even if not an recognized member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto fanatic of the group.
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