Canada is a country in the northern share of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world’s second-largest country by total area. Its southern be close to in the manner of the associated States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world’s longest bi-national house border. Canada’s capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area visceral dominated by tree-plant and tundra. Its population is very urbanized, following beyond 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and 70 percent of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada’s climate varies widely across its immense area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, gone four certain seasons.
Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years past European colonization. arrival in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later decided along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly every of its colonies in North America in 1763. In 1867, subsequent to the linkage of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an growth of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the associated Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the put on an act of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada combat of 1982, which severed the vestiges of valid craving on the British parliament.
Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition, in the manner of Elizabeth II as its queen and a prime minister who serves as the seat of the Cabinet and head of government. The country is a realm within the Commonwealth of Nations, a advocate of the Francophonie and officially bilingual at the federal level. It ranks in the course of the highest in international measurements of dealing out transparency, civil liberties, tone of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many additional countries. Canada’s long and technical connection in the same way as the allied States has had a significant impact upon its economy and culture.
A developed country, Canada has the sixteenth-highest nominal per capita allowance globally as with ease as the twelfth-highest ranking in the Human increase Index. Its ahead of its time economy is the tenth-largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Canada is allocation of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the united Nations, the North Atlantic unity Organization, the G7 (formerly G8), the society of Ten, the G20, the North American pardon Trade attainment and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
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