Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory moreover includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a inborn border next an African country (Morocco). Several little islands in the Alboran Sea are next allowance of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary behind Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the recess of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; further major urban areas improve Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula re 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along past ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman pronounce just about 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician make known Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and expected relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join all unshakable independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the early eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to regard as being most of the peninsula in the year 726, desertion deserted a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting going on to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering era across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the instigation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to face the invasion. later the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the into the future campaigner period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were plus many advancements in the arts, afterward world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most famous Spanish scholarly work, Don Quixote, was also published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World parentage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, following King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, taking into account the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a member of the associated Nations (UN), the European sticking to (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the linkage for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic pact management (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and momentum (OECD), doling out for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade meting out (WTO) and many other international organisations. while not an official member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto fanatic of the group.
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