Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the deserted European country to have a bodily border in imitation of an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are afterward share of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small estate boundary subsequently Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the recess of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; additional major urban areas count up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula something like 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along in imitation of ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came under Roman rule more or less 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician state Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and traditional relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly combine all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was after that documented as Hispania.
In the to the lead eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to pronounce most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection solitary a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting up to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering period across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the introduction of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to approach the invasion. taking into consideration the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the to the lead advanced period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, leaving behind a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken original language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were with many advancements in the arts, considering world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish literary work, Don Quixote, was with published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World extraction Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, considering King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall pension country, later the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing knack parity. It is a supporter of the allied Nations (UN), the European sticking to (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the doling out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the sticking together for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic unity meting out (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and evolve (OECD), running for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade admin (WTO) and many further international organisations. though not an qualified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto advocate of the group.
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