Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory in addition to includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the unaccompanied European country to have a being be next to later an African country (Morocco). Several little islands in the Alboran Sea are then share of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small estate boundary afterward Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; further major urban areas tote up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula on 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along similar to ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman regard as being a propos 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician reveal Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and standard relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly integrate every steadfast independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally every the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was subsequently documented as Hispania.
In the yet to be eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to declare most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving isolated a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting stirring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering grow old across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the commencement of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to approach the invasion. taking into consideration the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the early objector period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were with many advancements in the arts, subsequent to world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish teacher work, Don Quixote, was as a consequence published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World line Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, subsequent to King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high allowance country, subsequently the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a enthusiast of the united Nations (UN), the European hold (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the meting out of Ibero-American States (OEI), the grip for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic treaty management (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and proceed (OECD), management for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade organization (WTO) and many extra international organisations. though not an credited member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto devotee of the group.
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