Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera create Spain the lonely European country to have a beast border in the same way as an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are in addition to allocation of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little home boundary next Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the niche of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; further major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula approaching 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along behind ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman pronounce with reference to 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician make known Sp(a)n or Spania. At the stop of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and received relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly join every surviving independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was after that documented as Hispania.
In the in front eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to deem most of the peninsula in the year 726, neglect on your own a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting happening to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering era across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the commencement of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to perspective the invasion. taking into account the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the early futuristic period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, neglect a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were next many advancements in the arts, with world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish educational work, Don Quixote, was plus published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World line Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, behind King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, in the same way as the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a believer of the united Nations (UN), the European sticking to (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the processing of Ibero-American States (OEI), the linkage for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic agreement paperwork (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and spread (OECD), management for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade management (WTO) and many extra international organisations. though not an attributed member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in every summit, which makes Spain a de facto aficionado of the group.
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