Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated upon the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory furthermore includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the solitary European country to have a beast connect following an African country (Morocco). Several little islands in the Alboran Sea are along with allowance of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small home boundary in imitation of Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an place of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; new major urban areas total Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in the region of 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along gone ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came under Roman regard as being in this area 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician post Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and acknowledged relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly fuse all remaining independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was later documented as Hispania.
In the in advance eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to deem most of the peninsula in the year 726, leaving unaccompanied a handful of little Christian realms in the north and lasting going on to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering epoch across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the establishment of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to direction the invasion. following the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the tardy 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country under the Catholic Monarchs.
In the in advance broadminded period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, rejection a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were furthermore many advancements in the arts, in the same way as world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most well-known Spanish scholarly work, Don Quixote, was next published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World heritage Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, taking into consideration King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a tall pension country, bearing in mind the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing knack parity. It is a aficionada of the united Nations (UN), the European linkage (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the paperwork of Ibero-American States (OEI), the hold for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic harmony organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and loan (OECD), processing for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade admin (WTO) and many supplementary international organisations. though not an recognized member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto advocate of the group.
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