Spain (Spanish: Espaa [espaa] (About this soundlisten)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a country mostly located in Europe. Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula. Its territory with includes two archipelagoes: the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa, and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The African enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Pen de Vlez de la Gomera make Spain the abandoned European country to have a being be next to similar to an African country (Morocco). Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are furthermore allowance of Spanish territory. The country’s mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a little estate boundary as soon as Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe, the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union, and the fourth largest country in the European continent. By population (about 47 million), Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union. Spain’s capital and largest city is Madrid; supplementary major urban areas tally up Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Mlaga and Bilbao.
Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula vis–vis 35,000 years ago. Iberian cultures along taking into consideration ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed upon the peninsula until it came below Roman pronounce around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician reveal Sp(a)n or Spania. At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe, invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces, including the Suebi, Alans and Vandals. Eventually, the Visigoths would forcibly unite every unshakable independent territories in the peninsula, including Byzantine provinces, into the Kingdom of Toledo, which more or less unified politically, ecclesiastically and legally all the former Roman provinces or successor kingdoms of what was then documented as Hispania.
In the at the forefront eighth century the Visigothic Kingdom fell to the Moors of the Umayyad Islamic Caliphate, who arrived to deem most of the peninsula in the year 726, rejection lonely a handful of small Christian realms in the north and lasting occurring to seven centuries in the Kingdom of Granada. This led to many wars during a long reconquering mature across the Iberian Peninsula, which led to the creation of Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of Castille, Kingdom of Aragon and Kingdom of Navarre as the main Christian kingdoms to outlook the invasion. afterward the Moorish conquest, Europeans began a gradual process of retaking the region known as the Reconquista, which by the late 15th century culminated in the emergence of Spain as a unified country below the Catholic Monarchs.
In the ahead of time broadminded period, Spain became the world’s first global empire and the most powerful country in the world, desertion a large cultural and linguistic legacy that includes +570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world’s second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese. During the Golden Age there were as a consequence many advancements in the arts, once world-famous painters such as Diego Velzquez. The most renowned Spanish university work, Don Quixote, was along with published during the Golden Age. Spain hosts the world’s third-largest number of UNESCO World stock Sites.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, taking into consideration King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, afterward the world’s fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing capacity parity. It is a believer of the united Nations (UN), the European linkage (EU), the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the running of Ibero-American States (OEI), the sticking to for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic agreement supervision (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and move on (OECD), management for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Schengen Area, the World Trade organization (WTO) and many supplementary international organisations. though not an certified member, Spain has a “Permanent Invitation” to the G20 summits, participating in all summit, which makes Spain a de facto supporter of the group.
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